Though the aim here isn't to frighten readers into changing their habits, it's time we confront reality. The relationship between air pollution and the development of dementia is complex, but it remains an important topic nonetheless. Dementia develops among the older population. If fumes from human activities age us prematurely, what can we say about the vulnerability of younger generations?
As defined by the Alzheimer's Society, dementia is a degenerative disease that affects the brain and is characterized by memory loss, confusion, and distress, as well as changes in known character. Although normalized among our aging population, we must realize that it is not a normal part of the aging process, with research being conducted regarding the harmful impact of air pollutants on brain cells and nerves.
Let’s delve into the science. After analyzing affected brains, researchers discovered elevated levels of iron and magnetic particles that, while typically found in low concentrations in our brains, are known to be by-products of fossil fuel combustion. According to the Alzheimer’s Society, these magnetite particles can be identified within amyloid plaques, which are protein deposits that accumulate if an individual has dementia.
To enter our brains, minuscule air pollution particulates, like PM2.5,must be inhaled, crossing our protective blood-brain barrier. This can cause lesions and cellular damage and disrupt normal cognitive function. This cellular deterioration is linked to brain shrinkage due to harmful particulates in our environment. In simple terms, as noted by PBS America and other research institutions, the more pollution you breathe in, the quicker your brain ages. This is a troubling thought, especially for those living in densely populated areas.
Looking across global research, it can be deduced that the sources of air pollution with the largest correlation to an increased risk in dementia are burning coal and releasing traffic fumes. The Economic and Political Weekly confirms this, as their studies state that reducing the output of vehicular pollution in London could amount to a whopping 8% reduction in dementia risk for inhabitants. Yes, many other factors need to be considered when doing these studies, however, the causal link between air pollutants and dementia is stark.
Basing their research on this conclusion, Alzheimer’s Society predicts that up to 188,000 dementia diagnoses per year could be due to the toxins we produce through various practices in our day-to-day lives. It's an appalling stat that needs to be tackled. With current environmental legislations worldwide prioritising other equally important climate matters, these dangerous particulates are roaming free thanks to the destructive processes of mankind.
Dementia is now a heartbreaking yet widespread issue across the globe. Yet, despite its prevalence, it is still regarded with uncertainty, with a lack of full understanding about its development. When analysing clinical investigation results, the relationship between air toxins and dementia is definite, but more research is urgently required to prove this hypothesis and develop solutions solidly.
Taking action to improve the Earth’s air quality should be a vital next step for both governments and health systems. If you’re wondering how you can contribute, you can do plenty! Choose to stretch your legs when the weather is nice (but don't forget to pack your umbrella). If transportation is still important in your daily life, consider sharing your car with friends or opting for the popular metro to reduce emissions. Our responsibility, along with those who lead our country, isto help humanity and our planet thrive as we move forward. Whether the necessary changes are big or small, one thing is clear: they must happen.